RBI Grade B 2022 Introduction
- The term motivation has originated from Latin word movere, which means to move.
- Motivation is one of the most important factors affecting human behaviour and performance.
- Likert has called motivation as the core of management.
- Today all people whether lay or scholars have their own concept of motivation like motives, need desires, drives, incentives. This is the reason why managers attach great importance to motivation in Organisation.
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What is Motive?
- The term motivation has originated from the Latin word movere and is defined as an inner state that energizes, activates or moves and directs behavior towards the goal.
- A motive is a restlessness, a lack, a yen, a force.
- Difference between needs and wants – Needs are more comprehensive and includes desires whereas wants are expressed in the narrow sense and include only desires for which a person has money to satisfy the wants.
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Motivating and Motivation
Motivating – motivating implies that a person includes another to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy the motive becomes available and accessible to the individual.
Motivation – It is the process that accounts for the degree of readiness of an individual to achieve the desired goal.
According to Koontz and O’ Donnell
“Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, needs, wishes, and similar forces.”
Features of Motivation
1. Motivation can be positive or negative: -
- There can be positive motivation and negative motivation.
- Positive motivation can be simulative, such as higher pay, power position, etc.
- Negative motivation implies the use of penalties, punishments, etc.
2. Motivation is goal-oriented: -
- Motivation is a behavioral concept. It directs human behavior towards the accomplishment of goals.
- If properly motivated, employees put in their best possible efforts in order to achieve the desired goals.
3. Motivation is complex in nature: -
- Different individuals behave differently to a given set of incentives.
- Some employees may be highly motivated when they are given monetary incentives, whereas others may be more motivated by the use of non-monetary incentives.
4. Motivation is system-oriented: -
- Motivation is a combined effect of these groups of factors.
- Forces operating within the individual, i.e. his nature, needs, values, etc.
5. Motivation is different from job satisfaction: -
- Motivation is the act to satisfy needs and desires. Job satisfaction results only when such needs and desires are fulfilled.
- Job satisfaction is the outcome of motivation.
6. Motivation is a continuous process: -
- Motivation is not a one-time process.
- This is because human needs and desires are never-ending. When one's needs are satisfied, another need emerges that is to be satisfied. Therefore, managers have to identify the emerging needs of their subordinates and strive to satisfy such needs at regular intervals.
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