MP Special 2020: Geography of Madhya Pradesh

Introduction

Madhya Pradesh is located at the central part of India. Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh and Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh is Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Governor of Madhya Pradesh is Anandiben Patel. Madhya Pradesh is the second-largest state area wise after Rajasthan and the fifth largest state population-wise. Boundary states of Madhya Pradesh are Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Madhya Pradesh ranks 26th among Indian states in the human development index. Madhya Pradesh is rich in mineral resources and has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. More than 30% of its area is under forest cover. Madhya Pradesh every year attracts a large number of tourists because of many historic places and jyotirlinga. Madhya Pradesh is administratively divided into 10 divisions and further 52 districts.

Geographical Facts of Madhya Pradesh

1.  Madhya Pradesh lies between the latitude of 21.6°N-26.30°N and longitude of 74°9'E-82°48'E.

2. The highest point in Madhya Pradesh is Dhupgarh.

3. Climate found in Madhya Pradesh is subtropical with a hot dry summer (April–June), followed by monsoon rains (July–September) and cool and dry winter (October- March).

4. The average rainfall is about 1,194 mm. The southeastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm, while the western and northwestern districts receive 1,000 mm or less.

5. Madhya Pradesh's forest area coverage is 94,689 km² 

6.  In January 2019 1.5 million volunteers in the state planted 66 million trees in 12 hours along the Narmada river.

Land

Madhya Pradesh lies over a transitional area between the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the north and the Deccan plateau in the south. Its physiography is characterized by low hills, extensive plateaus, and river valleys.

Soils found in Madhya Pradesh

1. The black soil in the Malwa region.

2. Red and Yellow soil in the Baghelkhand region.

3.Alluvial soil, in Northern Madhya Pradesh.

4. Laterite soil, in Highland areas of Madhya Pradesh.

The landform of Madhya Pradesh

The elevation of Madhya Pradesh ranges from 300 to 3,900 feet. In the northern part of the state, the land rises generally from south to north, while in the southern part it increases in elevation toward the west. 

Flora and Fauna of Madhya Pradesh

1. Madhya Pradesh has numerous number of National Parks, Tiger Reserves and Wildlife Sanctuary. For Example -Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, and Satpura National Parks, Kanha, Satpura Tiger Reserve and Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary.

2. The natural reserve of Madhya Pradesh is Amarkantak, Chambal, Pachmarhi and Balaghat.

3. Teak and Sal forests are the famous forests of Madhya Pradesh.

4.  Bamboo-bearing is quite famous in Madhya Pradesh.

5. The state animal of Madhya Pradesh is Barasingha

6. The state bird of Madhya Pradesh is Dudhraj.

Rivers in Madhya Pradesh

1. Son River

2. Shipra River

3. Betwa

4. Narmada

Climatic Zones of Madhya Pradesh

1. Satpura Plateau Hills- rises in eastern Gujarat state running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to the east till Chhattisgarh. The range parallels the Vindhya Range to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide Indian Subcontinent into the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India and the Deccan Plateau of the south.

2. Narmada Valley- It is known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh", runs from east to west and the source of the Narmada is a small reservoir, known as the Narmada Kund, located at Amarkantak in the  Shahdol zone of Madhya Pradesh.

3. Bundelkhand Region- Jhansi is the largest city in Bundelkhand and is a major cultural, educational, transport and economic hub. Other major towns of Bundelkhand are Panna, Orai, Sagar, Hamirpur and Chhatarpur.

4. Malwa  Plateau- The Malwa region occupies a plateau in western Madhya Pradesh The Malwa region includes the Madhya Pradesh districts of  Agar, Dewas, Dhar, Indore, Neemuch and Ujjain.

5. Wainganga Valley- It is a key tributary of the Godavari. The river flows south in a winding course through the state of Madhya Pradesh.

Administration in Madhya Pradesh

1. Bhopal Division

2. Sagar Division

3. Rewa Division

4. Ujjain Division

5. Jabalpur Division

Major Cities of Madhya Pradesh (Area-wise)

Natural Resources

Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals, though these resources have yet to be fully exploited. There are large reserves of coal and important deposits of iron ore, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, copper, fireclay, and kaolin. At Panna, in the northeast, there are diamond reserves.

Power

The state is well endowed with hydroelectric power potential, and a number of hydroelectric projects have been developed jointly with neighbouring states. Madhya Pradesh also draws a portion of its power from several thermal stations located within the state. Most of these thermal plants are coal-fired.

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