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Ionic compounds are formed most easily with:

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: September 25th, 2023

(a) Low electron affinity, high ionisation potential

(b) High electron Affinity, low ionisation energy

(c) Low electron affinity, low ionisation energy

(d) None of these

Ionic compounds are formed most easily with High electron affinity, low ionisation energy. The ease with which an element may take an electron in the gaseous state is known as the element’s electron affinity.

Formation of Ionic Compounds

Electron affinity

  • It is an atom’s relative propensity to attract electrons.
  • It is an isolated atom’s absolute propensity to attract electrons.
  • Because the nuclear charge and the attraction for electrons both increase as the size of the atom shrinks, electron affinity rises from left to right over a period.
  • As the size of the atoms increases and the attraction for electrons weakens, electron affinity diminishes as the group size increases.

Ionization potential (I.P):

  • It is the amount of energy needed to remove the outermost electron from a gaseous atom in isolation.
  • A chemical element’s ionisation energy is measured in kiloJoules or electron volts.
  • The first ionisation potential is the amount of energy necessary to expel the first electron.
  • The stronger the atom’s I.P, the more stable it is.
  • The production of ionic compounds is favoured by low positive charge, big cation size, small charge on anion, and tiny anion size.
  • Electrostatic interaction between two ions causes ionic bonds to form.
  • Like in NaCl, one ion has a positive charge while the other has a negative charge.
  • So, for the formation of a positively charged ion, the element must be willing to give up electrons readily.
  • The element will not quickly give up electrons if the Ionization Potential is high and will need a significant amount of energy.
  • Therefore, cation will form easily if the ionisation potential is low.
  • The element must be eager to take an extra electron in order for an anion to develop.
  • Cations will develop easily when the tendency to accept an electron, or electron affinity, is high.
  • Cation and anion formation will then make it easier for an ionic compound to form, and this happens.
  • As a result, ionic compounds form more easily when the electron affinity is high and the ionisation energy is low.

Summary:

Ionic compounds are formed most easily with (a) Low electron affinity, high ionisation potential (b) High electron Affinity, low ionisation energy (c) Low electron affinity, low ionisation energy (d) None of these

The conditions for the formation of ionic compounds include high electron affinity and low ionisation energy. The energy required to remove the outermost electron from a gaseous atom in isolation is ionization potential.

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