In which of the following lighting schemes is 90% to 100% of total light flux thrown upward to the ceiling for diffused reflection?

Explain Indirect lighting

In indirect lighting, inverted or bowl reflectors are used to send more than 90% of the total light flux upward to the ceiling for diffuse reflection. In this plan, the ceiling serves as the source of lighting, and glare is minimally affected. In workshops and drawing offices where heavy machinery and other obstacles would cast unwelcome shadows if these lighting techniques were utilized, it creates shadowless illumination, which is particularly useful.

Direct Lighting- Deep reflectors are used in this direct lighting for directing more than 90% of the total light flux onto the working plane. Although this plan is quite effective, it produces harsh glare and shadows. It is mostly employed for general and industrial outdoor illumination.

Semi-direct lighting- With the aid of semi-direct reflectors, 60 to 90% of the total light flux is directed downward directly in this lighting design. The remaining light is employed to illuminate the walls and ceiling. It works well in spaces with high ceilings where a lot of evenly dispersed illumination is desired. Diffusing globes are used in these units to reduce glare, which increases system effectiveness in terms of the workspace while also enhancing brightness toward the eyes.

Semi-indirect lighting- In semi-indirect lighting, between 60 and 90 percent of the entire flux of light is sent upward for diffuse reflection to the ceiling, and the remaining portion directly approaches the working plane. This plan will fully do away with illumination. It is mostly used to decorate indoor lighting.

Summary:

In which of the following lighting schemes is 90% to 100% of total light flux thrown upward to the ceiling for diffused reflection? (A) Semi-direct lighting (B) Semi-indirect lighting (C) Indirect lighting (D) Direct lighting

90% to 100% of the total light flux is directed upward to the ceiling in indirect lighting designs for diffused reflection. In such a system, the Ceiling acts like a light source. For this, glare is reduced up to the minimum value.