Important Vocabulary Terms related to COVID-19
Here is a list of important terms related to COVID-19
Asymptomatic (स्पर्शोन्मुख)
Asymptomatic means showing no symptoms of a particular disease.
Example: She had no idea her husband had coronavirus because he was asymptomatic.
Carrier (वाहक)
A person or animal that transmits a disease to other whether suffering from it themselves or not
Example: People who are asymptomatic can still be carriers
Outbreak (प्रकोप)
An outbreak is a sudden rise in the incidence of a disease.
Example: There was an outbreak of H1N1 virus in the African countries.
Epidemic (महामारी)
An epidemic is an outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time
Example: In 1888 there was an epidemic of yellow fever.
Pandemic (सर्वव्यापी महामारी)
A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population.
Example: The world is undergoing the pandemic crisis
Infect (संक्रमित)
Affect a human or animal with a disease-causing organism.
Example: The disease has infected many human beings
Infection (संक्रमण)
The process of infecting; state of being infected; infectious disease
Example: Mother’s milk can help protect babies against various infections.
Infectious (संक्रामक)
Describing a disease that can be transmitted through the environment; describing a human or animal capable of spreading infection.
Example: Avoid contact with the unknown person as they may still be infectious.
Isolation (एकांत)
Isolation separates sick people with a contagious disease from people who are not sick.
Example: Government is saying the citizens to do self-isolation
Quarantine (संगरोध)
Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick. These people may have been exposed to a disease and do not know it, or they may have the disease but do not show symptoms.
Contagious (संक्रामक)
Contagious means transmissible by direct or indirect contact with an infected person.
Example: COVID-19 is quite contagious
Infectious (संक्रामक)
Infectious means producing or capable of producing infection and containing pathogenic agents which may be transmitted.
Both infectious and contagious diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses; they differ in that contagious diseases may be spread by direct or indirect contact.
Example: An ailment such as food poisoning is infectious, it is capable of producing infection, but it is not contagious. The coronavirus, on the other hand, is both contagious and _infectious. Anything that is contagious is automatically also infectious, but the reverse is not true. Both words are frequently used in a figurative manner.
Community spread (सामुदायिक फैलाव)
Community spread is the spread of a contagious disease within a community. It also has the specific meaning of the spread of a contagious disease to individuals in a particular geographic location who have no known contact with other infected individuals or who have not recently traveled to an area where the disease has any documented cases.
Example: The virus is now in community spread state
Super-spreader (सुपर स्प्रेडर)
A super-spreader (also written as Online Classroom Program spreader) is “an individual who is highly contagious and capable of transmitting a communicable disease to an unusually large number of uninfected individuals.
Social Distancing (सामाजिक दुरी)
Practice of encouraging people to minimize contact and closeness, whether by banning large or even small groups/meetings (football matches, nightclubs), or by maintaining a minimum distance between people (for example one metre or two metres)
Example: The government has instructed citizens to follow social distancing measures to slow the spread of the virus.
Vaccine (टीका)
A substance used to protect humans and animals from a disease.
Example: A vaccine for cholera was invented in 1879.
Vax (वैक्स)
(noun, informal): vaccine, vaccination
Index case (सूचकांक का मामला)
An index case is “the first documented case of an infectious disease or genetically transmitted condition or mutation in a population, region, or family.” It may also, however, refer to an individual who has a disease, condition, or mutation that is the first one identified in a population.
Martial law (फौजी कानून)
Martial law is “the law administered by military forces that is invoked by a government in an emergency when the civilian law enforcement agencies are unable to maintain public order and safety.
Contact tracing
Contact tracing is the practice of identifying and monitoring individuals who may have had contact with an infectious person as a means of controlling the spread of a communicable disease.
Diagnose (रोग का निर्णय करना, निदान करना)
Diagnose means identifying an illness by examining the symptoms.
Example: Only a medical professional can properly diagnose the cause of your problem
Diagnosis (निदान)
Identification of an illness by examination of the symptoms.
Example: If you’re not happy with the doctor’s diagnosis you could always get a second opinion.
Incubation Period (ऊष्मायन अवधि)
The incubation period means the time from a person’s first exposure to a disease to the time when symptoms develop.
Example: When they know the incubation period, they will know how long to keep people in quarantine.
PCR Test
PCR - polymerase chain reaction. Test that detects viral particles in blood or other body fluids.
Example: The PCR test is one of the tools that doctors use to diagnose certain coronavirus diseases.
PPE
PPE - Personal Protective Equipment. PPE is a special clothing, headgear, goggles, masks and other garments that shield people from injury or infection.
Example: PPE worn by doctors and nurses should be destroyed after use.
SARS-CoV-2
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2. Final official name for the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. (This virus was previously known as 2019-nCoV.) - SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus and COVID-19 is the name of the disease.
Zoonotic
A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans
Example: To protect yourself from zoonotic diseases it’s best to avoid bites and scratches from animals.
Ventilator (वातायन)
A machine that provides artificial respiration for a person
Example: At present governments around the world are urging for increased production of ventilators to help support those patients who are severely affected with COVID-19 and who have acute respiratory problems.
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