What is Hydrostatic Force?
Fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics include calculating the hydrostatic force and the location of the center of pressure. A location on the submerged surface where the hydrostatic pressure acts is known as the center of pressure.
Definition of Hydrostatic Force
The resultant force created by a liquid's pressure loading acting on submerged surfaces is known as hydrostatic force.
When a surface is immersed in a fluid, the fluid's forces act on the surface. These forces must be determined for designing storage tanks, ships, dams, and other hydraulic structures. Since there are no shearing stresses in place for fluids at rest, we know that the force must be perpendicular to the surface. If the fluid is incompressible, the pressure changes linearly with depth.
Hydrostatic Force Formula
Hydrostatic forces result from a liquid's pressure loading acting on submerged surfaces. The total hydrostatic force for a horizontal plane surface submerged in liquid, a plane surface inside of a gas chamber, or any other plane surface subject to the influence of uniform hydrostatic pressure is given by:
F = pA
where A is the area and p is the uniform pressure.
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Applications of Hydrostatic Force
There are various applications of hydrostatic force. This force provides various advantages because of its property. The structural design of water-control structures like dams, floodwalls, and gates is heavily influenced by the position and strength of the water pressure force pressing on those structures.
Many hydraulic equipment components must be designed following the principles of hydrostatic force and its course of action.
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Important Points Related to Hydrostatic Force
The hydrostatic force exerted on the vertical surface of the quadrant when it is submerged by adding water to the tank can be calculated by taking into account the following:
- The hydrostatic force at any point on the curved surfaces is normal to the surface and resolves at the pivot point since it is positioned at the origin of the radii. Because the hydrostatic forces travel through the pivot, they have no net influence on the upper and lower curved surfaces and produce no torque that may change the assembly's equilibrium.
- The forces on the quadrant's sides are horizontal and balance one another out (equal and opposite)
- The balance weight balances the hydrostatic force on the vertical submerged face. Therefore, the value of the balance weight and the depth of the water can be used to compute the resulting hydrostatic force on the face.
- The system is in equilibrium if the moments produced by the hydrostatic force and added weight (mg) about the pivot points are equal, that is:
mg×L = F×y
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