Define Bond Order. Calculate the Bond Order of C₂, H₂, and N₂.

By Aina Parasher|Updated : May 24th, 2023

The bond order of a molecule is determined by the number of bonding electrons and the number of anti-bonding electrons present in the molecular orbitals. The Bond Order of C2 is 2, H2 is 1, and N2 is 3. It is calculated by subtracting the number of anti-bonding electrons from the number of bonding electrons and then dividing the result by 2.

Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2

Bond order is a measure of bond strength and stability. A higher bond order generally indicates a shorter bond length and a stronger bond. Conversely, a lower bond order corresponds to a longer bond length and a weaker bond.

Bond Order

Bond order, or the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms, is a measure of a bond's stability. Understanding the idea of the bond order of a chemical bond is made simple by the molecular orbital. It measures how strongly the atoms are bound together by covalent bonds.

Calculate Bond Order of C2, H2, and N2

Solution:

Bond Order of C2

The molecular orbital diagram for C2 can be represented as follows:

σ(1s)2 σ*(1s)2 σ(2s)2 σ*(2s)2 π(2px)2 π(2py)2

There are a total of 8 bonding and 4 anti-bonding electrons.

Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2

Bond Order = (8-4) / 2 = 4/2 = 2

Therefore, the bond order of C2 is 2, indicating a double bond between the carbon atoms.

Bond Order of H2

The molecular orbital diagram for H2 is quite simple as there are only two electrons available:

σ(1s)2

In this case, there are 2 bonding electrons (σ(1s)2) and no anti-bonding electrons.

Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2

Bond Order = (2 - 0) / 2 = 2/2 = 1

Therefore, the bond order of H2 is 1, indicating a single bond between the hydrogen atoms.

Bond Order of N2

The molecular orbital diagram for N2 can be represented as follows:

σ(1s)2 σ*(1s)2 σ(2s)2 σ*(2s)2 π(2px)2 π(2py)2 σ(2pz)2

There are a total of 14 valence electrons available for bonding. Counting the electrons, we find that there are 10 bonding electrons and 4 anti-bonding electrons.

Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2

Bond Order = (10 - 4) / 2 = 6 / 2 = 3

Therefore, the bond order of N2 is 3, indicating a triple bond between the nitrogen atoms.

Summary:

Define Bond Order. Calculate the Bond Order of C2, H2, and N2.

Bond order is a measure of the number of chemical bonds between two atoms in a molecule. It provides information about the strength and stability of a bond. The Bond Order of C2 is 2, H2 is 1, and N2 is 3.

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