Bond Order
Bond order, or the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms, is a measure of a bond's stability. Understanding the idea of the bond order of a chemical bond is made simple by the molecular orbital. It measures how strongly the atoms are bound together by covalent bonds.
Calculate Bond Order of C2, H2, and N2
Solution:
Bond Order of C2
The molecular orbital diagram for C2 can be represented as follows:
σ(1s)2 σ*(1s)2 σ(2s)2 σ*(2s)2 π(2px)2 π(2py)2
There are a total of 8 bonding and 4 anti-bonding electrons.
Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2
Bond Order = (8-4) / 2 = 4/2 = 2
Therefore, the bond order of C2 is 2, indicating a double bond between the carbon atoms.
Bond Order of H2
The molecular orbital diagram for H2 is quite simple as there are only two electrons available:
σ(1s)2
In this case, there are 2 bonding electrons (σ(1s)2) and no anti-bonding electrons.
Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2
Bond Order = (2 - 0) / 2 = 2/2 = 1
Therefore, the bond order of H2 is 1, indicating a single bond between the hydrogen atoms.
Bond Order of N2
The molecular orbital diagram for N2 can be represented as follows:
σ(1s)2 σ*(1s)2 σ(2s)2 σ*(2s)2 π(2px)2 π(2py)2 σ(2pz)2
There are a total of 14 valence electrons available for bonding. Counting the electrons, we find that there are 10 bonding electrons and 4 anti-bonding electrons.
Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of anti-bonding electrons) / 2
Bond Order = (10 - 4) / 2 = 6 / 2 = 3
Therefore, the bond order of N2 is 3, indicating a triple bond between the nitrogen atoms.
Summary:
Define Bond Order. Calculate the Bond Order of C2, H2, and N2.
Bond order is a measure of the number of chemical bonds between two atoms in a molecule. It provides information about the strength and stability of a bond. The Bond Order of C2 is 2, H2 is 1, and N2 is 3.
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