Artificial Intelligence: Challenges, Application, Essay | Artificial Intelligence UPSC

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence refers to the ability of the machine to have human intelligence processes like learning, thinking, decision-making, and problem-solving. Artificial Intelligence is about creating self-learning patterns that would help the machines to find out answers to the question like a human would do.

It is a branch of computer science that aims to create computers or machines with human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence includes technologies like pattern recognition, machine learning, neural networks, big data, self-algorithms, etc. AI is a complex technology that involves feeding particular data into the machine and making it react as per various situations.

Artificial Intelligence as a Technology

Robotic automation powered by hardware differs from artificial intelligence. AI successfully completes frequent, high-volume computerized tasks rather than automating manual ones. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are frequently used interchangeably.

Machine learning is just one component of the larger field of artificial intelligence (AI), which also encompasses technologies like inference algorithms, natural language processing, neutron networks, etc. Recently Artificial Intelligence has gained prominence due to its various applications ranging from the military to the healthcare field.

Artificial Intelligence was first introduced in 1956 by Jon McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Applied AI contributes largely to economic and social development in all countries of the world. Many countries have started investing heavily in Artificial Intelligence. AI has proven to add benefits in a wide range of sectors globally and is expected to be a key weapon for various firms. The following is the application of AI in various fields.

• Healthcare: some of the highly emerging AI applications in healthcare sections are personalized treatment, AI-driven diagnostics, imaging diagnostics, and identification of potential pandemics.
• Agriculture: AI also plays a vital role in driving the food revolution. AI addresses many challenges like excess pesticide use, inadequate demand prediction, and lack of assured irrigation. AI has the potential to enhance crop production, detect pest attacks, predication crop prices, and real-time advisory.
• Retail: In the retail sector, Artificial Intelligence offers image-based searches, personalized suggestions, and preference-based browsing. It improves inventory management, and delivery management, and anticipates the customer’s demand.
• Transportation: AI applications in the transportation section include traffic management, delivery management, and monitoring and maintaining the predictive engine.
• Manufacturing: Artificial Intelligence impacts supply chain management, maintenance, production, in-plant logistics, quality assurance, and warehousing.
• Smart cities: Artificial Intelligence helps in meeting the demands of a rapidly growing population and enhances the quality of life. Better crowd management, traffic control, and reducing congestion are some of the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence.
• Energy: The use of AI is also included in the forecasting and modeling of the energy system to reduce unpredictability. AI in the energy sector focuses on increasing power efficiency and strengthening renewable energy systems.
• Education and Skilling: In recent years the introduction of AI has played a vital role in the education sector of India by providing solutions for a better learning experience through automating, personalized learning, easing administrative tasks, etc.
• Intelligence: Automation is the method of automatically operating a system or process. Robots can be programmed to conduct large, repeatable duties usually performed by people and, due to their agility and adaptability to altering conditions, different from IT automatics.
• Security: At the 20th e-governance conference in India, it was discussed that cybersecurity can be increased by AI and it has to be explored.
• Speech recognition: There are smart systems that can hear and understand the language in terms of terms and meanings while people talk to it. It is capable of handling various accents, slang words, background sounds, human noise shifts owing to cold, etc.

India and Artificial Intelligence

According to Industry analysts that by 2035 the Artificial Intelligence market can add up to $957 billion to India’s economy. The government and private organizations have already started many programs and initiatives to strengthen the AI section in India, which would add to the country’s economic and social progress.

• The Indian Government launched the National AI Portal of India in May 2020, which is a one-stop digital platform for AI-related developments in the country. This portal is a knowledge-sharing tool and acts as a platform for getting information about AI jobs.
• The government also launched the Responsible AI for Youth Programme. The aim of this program is to give young students a platform to enhance the mew-age tech mindset in students, and AI skill sets and make them ready for the future.
• One of the biggest steps toward the AI revolution in India was India’s participation in GPAI- Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence. In June 2020, India became a part of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence. GPAI is a multi-stakeholder international initiative.
• AI for All- India’s Artificial Intelligence Strategy aims to build AI solutions with the intent to make India the AI Garage of the world. It highlights the development through the use of Artificial Intelligence technologies and makes India a trusted nation that the world would depend on for AI-related work.
• The Central Board of Secondary Education has introduced Artificial Intelligence into the curriculum from 2020 onwards.

Artificial Intelligence in India

The NITI Aayog prepared National Artificial Intelligence Policy for India has outlined the best course of action for utilizing AI’s capability in a variety of industries. By utilizing such dynamic data, artificial intelligence methods and initiatives help India meet societal requirements in sectors like healthcare, education, agriculture, smart cities, and infrastructure, including smart mobility and transportation.

By 2027, India’s AI market is projected to reach a value of $71.0 billion. Strong IT infrastructure, a thriving data economy, and significant expenditures made by the government and businesses in digitalization are all contributing to India’s continuously growing Artificial Intelligence sector.

Artificial Intelligence Research in India

In India, research and development in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have gained significant momentum. The Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (IM-ICPS) has proposed a comprehensive framework consisting of multiple centers and platforms to promote AI research across various sectors. One of the key initiatives is the AIRAWAT platform, which aims to provide advanced AI computing infrastructure for big data analytics and assimilation.

• Four-Tier Framework: The IM-ICPS has suggested a four-tier framework, including CROSS, CASTLE, ICON, and CETIT, to support AI research and innovation in India.
• AIRAWAT Platform: AIRAWAT serves as a virtualization technology, offering a substantial and power-efficient AI computing infrastructure for big data analytics and assimilation.
• Focus on Agriculture and Healthcare: The research efforts aim to drive AI-based advancements in fields such as agriculture and healthcare, fostering innovations in areas like speech recognition, image recognition, and natural language processing.
• Support for Implementations: The framework encourages the development and creation of diverse AI implementations that support innovations and address challenges in various sectors.

Challenges of AI in India

While India’s interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing, it still lags behind countries like China and the USA. The challenges surrounding AI in India revolve around issues such as low adoption in corporate processes, limited data ecosystems, low research intensity, an unfavorable intellectual property regime, skill development gaps, and unclear regulations for security, privacy, and ethics. Following are the challenges of AI in India:

• Low Adoption and High Resource Costs: Many businesses in India have been slow to adopt AI due to high resource costs and a lack of awareness about its potential benefits.
• Absence of Enabling Data Ecosystems: The availability and quality of data play a crucial role in AI development, and India faces challenges in creating robust data ecosystems that can support AI applications.
• Low Research Intensity: India’s research efforts in AI need to be strengthened to foster innovation, knowledge creation, and technological advancements in the field.
• Unfavorable Intellectual Property Regime: The existing intellectual property regime in India may not adequately encourage research and adoption of AI technologies, hindering innovation and investment.
• Skill Development Gap: There is a shortage of skilled AI professionals in India, which limits the country’s capacity to fully leverage AI technologies and impairs its overall growth in the field.
• Unclear Regulations: Clear regulations pertaining to security, privacy, and ethics in AI are essential to foster public trust and ensure responsible AI deployment, but there is a need for more clarity in this regard.

Limitations of AI

The future of Artificial Intelligence is still unclear, even though the introduction of GPT-4 represents an important step forward. There are still some restrictions on modern technology. Some of the limitations of Artificial Intelligence are listed below:

• Access to Data: Data has replaced oil as one of the most valuable commodities today and evolved into a new form of money.
• Bias: It’s extremely alarming how biases can infiltrate data-modeling techniques (which power AI). The nuances of biased AI go far beyond just corrupted data.
• Defamatory Attacks: Artificial Intelligence isn’t particularly suited to adapt to changes in circumstances because it isn’t human. This inability to adapt draws attention to a serious security weakness that has not yet been adequately fixed.
• Against Human Labor: The advent of machinery and intelligent robots in the manufacturing and services industries is decreasing employment opportunities for humans which is a serious issue for countries like India where employment generation is a major challenge.

Future of Artificial Intelligence

The world’s IT infrastructure is centered in India. The businesses and talent in the nation are the obvious candidates to add intelligence to all digitalization. There is a sizable potential opportunity for India’s services industry to meet the rising demand for data cleansing and human-augmented AI training in web search training, data labeling, content moderation, etc. India has the opportunity to establish itself highly in among the AI-powered nations globally. We have pointed out a few things that would help to strengthen the AI structure in India.

• Research in AI: Both core and applied research help the commercialization and utilization of any emerging technology. To build an AI strategy in India, a high amount of dedication and effort is required.
• The Advent of AI Wave: Even though India seems well-positioned to take advantage of the AI systems through its youth potential and advanced IT sector, the advantage can change quickly as there is a lack of availability of qualified faculty and researchers. To make the best out of the AI wave in the future government need to take the right initiatives and make AI development a national priority.
• Fast Adoption: The data indicates that only 22% of Indian firms use Artificial Intelligence in their business process. It shows that the adoption of AI has been slow. The government needs to take steps toward AI promotion.
• Privacy, Ethics, Security, and AI: Artificial intelligence will undoubtedly mark the turning point in the development of technology. There has never been a significant degree of decision-making dependence on algorithms and robots. Nevertheless, this dependence also puts one’s security and privacy at risk.

Dark Web and AI Relations

The dark web is an anonymous, password-protected site where criminal marketplaces thrive in advertising and selling drugs, weapons, and trafficked persons. Many law enforcement agencies work hard to stop these activities but they face tremendous challenges in investigating and prosecuting the real-world people behind the dark web. But the advancement of technology and the emergence of Artificial Intelligence have made it possible to crack down on cybercrime.

Artificial Intelligence UPSC

Artificial Intelligence is one of the most relevant topics for the UPSC Exam. Candidates can refer to the Science and Technology Notes to prepare the topic in a better way. AI and its concepts are covered under the GS Paper 3 Syllabus of the UPSC Mains.

The topic of AI is relevant in all stages of the UPSC exam, and candidates can cover it exhaustively through Current Affairs. Understanding the concepts, applications, and ethical considerations related to AI can enhance a candidate’s knowledge and analytical abilities, enabling them to critically analyze issues related to technology, governance, and society.

Artificial Intelligence UPSC Questions

Questions: Which of the following is a subset of Artificial Intelligence? (A) Machine Learning, (B) Robotics, (C) Natural Language Processing, (D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question: What is the purpose of Artificial Intelligence? (A) To simulate human intelligence in machines, (B) To replace human intelligence with machine intelligence, (C) To automate all tasks and eliminate human involvement, (D) To create intelligent machines that can perform any task

Answer: (A) To simulate human intelligence in machines

Question for UPSC Mains: Discuss the potential applications and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and governance.

Question for UPSC Mains: Examine the ethical concerns and legal implications associated with the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in society.

Questions for UPSC Mains: Analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the job market and the future of work. Discuss the potential opportunities and challenges arising from the integration of AI technologies in different industries.

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